![]() This transition zone plays a fundamental role in environmental sanitation, which is why its conservation is vital. It is another type of ecotone that drifts between a terrestrial and an aquatic ecosystem. It is characterized by being a fragmented landscape in which there are areas that are covered by dense forests and others in which lichens and heather dominate. However, in Europe we can find an ecotone up to 200 kilometers long. Therefore, the ecotone that forms between these two biomes is not very extensive. Its rainfall is between 400 and 450mm on average per year. In this ecosystem the average temperature ranges from 30 degrees below zero to 19 degrees. On the other hand, we have the boreal forest that is located south of the tundras. It is a soil that remains frozen throughout the year. One of the characteristics that stands out in this area is the permafrost. In the tundra we find polar areas with temperatures that do not exceed ten degrees on average. This is an example of an ecotone between two different biomes that are characterized by having a different climate between each of them. If we go to America and Europe we can see that there are borders between the tundra and the boreal forest. We are going to put some examples of ecotones and their characteristics: Tundra and taiga with boreal forest These areas can be divided or categorized in different ways.ġº If we refer to the type of biome, the ecotones will be determined by climatic factors such as water, temperature and topographic factors.Ģnd If we refer to the type of landscape, the ecotones will be characterized by the type of climate, the topography and some chemical characteristics of the soil may also be included.ģrd if we talk about ecotones of populations or communities, we have to talk about the influence of the interaction between species and their effect on their composition and distribution. We can find ecological niches where the functions of each living being can be organizers, decompose tasks, transporters, or dispensers, among others.Īs we have mentioned before, there are different types of ecotone depending on the type of ecosystem that exists between the transition zone. Taking into account the values of these variables and the interaction between living beings, we can see that each species will specifically fulfill a function within the ecotone. For example, these conditions may be due to type of pH of the soil, the average temperature, the incident solar radiation, the wind regime or the amount of water available, among others. This phenomenon is known as the edge effect.Įach species or community of species acts in a certain way depending on the environmental conditions that exist in the ecotone. ![]() As greater interactions exist between the individuals of different species, more adaptations will occur in any type of habitat or biotope. We also find a greater biological wealth. This means that there are interactions between species in adjacent areas. It should be noted that this intermediate zone has a great biological confluence. However, the existence of a mountain and a considerable slope, can cause the end of a forest to gradually transition. For example, the existence of a river course may be the end of one system and the beginning of another more abruptly. Among the characteristics that most influence are the climate, topography, composition and structure of the soil or the presence of different types of populations, whether they are animals or plants, which are called biotope.ĭepending on these variables and their values, the transition can be more abrupt or more gradual. These transition zones are formed due to the action of different physical and environmental variables. They are the species that most represent the transition zones between different systems. In this case, we speak of plant populations and tree species.
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